纳米S m2 O3催化发光检测异丁醇气体传感器的研究

以纳米Sm_2O_3为传感器元件,设计构建了检测异丁醇的催化发光传感器。该传感器对异丁醇具有选择性好、响应速度快、运行成本低等优点。在检测波长为440 nm,工作温度为187℃,载气流速为70 mL/min条件下,正丁醇、乙醇、甲醇、甲醛、氨气、苯和乙苯经过此传感器时,仅正丁醇产生弱的发光信号,是异丁醇的3.4%,其它气体不产生催化发光响应信号。在0.50～20.0 mg/L浓度范围内,催化发光信号强度与异丁醇浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 82),检出限(S/N=3)为0.15 mg/L。将此传感器用于实际样品中异丁醇的测定,4个样品中异丁醇回收率为90.5%～99.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.38%～4.7%,表明该传感器可用于分析实际样品中的异丁醇。     

山区土地资源研究的理论体系与方法

山地生态系统服务的多样性以及资源环境的脆弱性使山区土地资源成为地理学、生态学研究的热点领域之一.通过梳理与集成山区土地资源的研究成果,探讨山区土地资源研究的理论体系与方法,总结出山区土地资源的主要理论为可持续利用理论、土地资源安全理论、地理学人地关系理论、土地供给理论和土地整治等,山区土地资源研究的主要方法为山区土地资源可持续利用评估、土地资源安全评价、新型调查手段的研发及应用等.在此基础上,展望了土地资源研究理论与方法的创新领域,以期为山区土地资源的研究提供理论上的参考及方法上的借鉴.     

Incorporating textual and management factors into financial distress prediction: A comparative study of machine learning methods

Financial distress prediction (FDP) has been widely considered as a promising approach to reducing financial losses. While financial information comprises the traditional factors involved in FDP, nonfinancial factors have also been examined in recent studies. In light of this, the purpose of this study is to explore the integrated factors and multiple models that can improve the predictive performance of FDP models. This study proposes an FDP framework to reveal the financial distress features of listed Chinese companies, incorporating financial, management, and textual factors, and evaluating the prediction performance of multiple models in different time spans. To develop this framework, this study employs the wrapper-based feature selection method to extract valuable features, and then constructs multiple single classifiers, ensemble classifiers, and deep learning models in order to predict financial distress. The experiment results indicate that management and textual factors can supplement traditional financial factors in FDP, especially textual ones. This study also discovers that integrated factors collected 4 years prior to the predicted benchmark year enable a more accurate prediction, and the ensemble classifiers and deep learning models developed can achieve satisfactory FDP performance. This study makes a novel contribution as it expands the predictive factors of financial distress and provides new findings that can have important implications for providing early warning signals of financial risk.     

基于动态阈值的混凝土裂缝高抗噪提取及识别方法

针对表面布有蜂窝麻面等复杂噪声的混凝土裂缝,提出了一种基于动态阈值的混凝土裂缝高抗噪提取方法.首先,通过灰度变换、高斯滤波、信息增强等技术弱化、去除噪声,增强图像中裂缝的亮度,提高裂缝与背景的对比度;然后,采用OTSU阈值分割算法去除伪裂缝,基于裂缝与干扰噪声面积的差异,引入动态阈值,实现各类型裂缝的提取;最后,基于边缘检测和裂缝骨架细化处理,计算裂缝的长度、宽度和面积3项特征参数.基于室内实验和室外实际桥梁拍摄的4组裂缝图像结果表明,4组裂缝的平均宽度分别为2.01、1.07、1.34、0.97 mm,说明该方法适用于不同背景下各类型裂缝的提取,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

远场地震动作用下泛旗帜型模型的等延性弹塑性位移谱

为获得自复位结构泛旗帜型模型的等延性弹塑性位移谱,将269条隶属于3类不同场地的远场地震动分别输入自编的位移谱计算程序中,分析计算结果以获得与标准化周期、延性系数、场地类别、耗能系数相关的单自由度泛旗帜型模型的等延性弹塑性位移谱.研究结果表明,通过周期标准化,位移谱曲线更加平滑,离散性显著减小.当标准化周期在[0.10,0.75]内时,位移谱谱值与延性系数呈正相关关系,当标准化周期在[0.75,3.0]内时,两者呈负相关关系.延性系数大于4时,其对位移谱的影响可忽略.标准化位移谱中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类场地地震动的位移谱值差异较小,而I、Ⅱ类场地地震动的位移谱值在周期较小时差异较大.位移谱谱值随耗能系数的增大而减小,综合考虑耗能能力与效率,耗能系数建议取值为0.5.     

重庆主城区杂草物种组成特征及多样性格局

采用网格法在我国典型的山地城市重庆主城区内设置了86个1 km×1 km的样地,全面调查了杂草物种组成,并分析和探讨了城市化背景下杂草物种组成特征及多样性分布格局.结果如下:①共记录杂草69科223属301种,包含物种最多的科为菊科和禾本科;②一年生杂草和矮生长型杂草占优势;③以本地杂草为主,外来杂草和外来入侵杂草分别有31种和11种;④高、中和低城市化区杂草物种组成相似性较低,并且优势种组成差异较大;⑤高城市化区样方杂草物种数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著低于中城市化区和低城市化区(p 0.01);⑥样方杂草物种数随着样地与城市中心距离的增加波动,呈"波浪形"模式.综上,城市化对山地多中心城市的杂草物种组成和多样性均具有明显影响,但导致的城市化梯度变化格局有异于平原单中心城市的模式.     

CoPt-Co hybrid supported on amino modified SiO_2 nanospheres as a high performance catalyst for hydrogen generation from ammonia borane

CoPt-Co hybrids were successfully supported on amino modified SiO_2 nanospheres by a chemical reduction method at a temperature of 278 K.The solid carrier i.e.amino modified SiO_2,provides numerous anchoring sites for the metal nanoparticles(NPs)to improve the dispersion while reducing the size of metal NPs.The supported NPs displayed a narrow particle size distribution on the SiO_2 surface with an average diameter of 12 nm.The XRD results alongside with the binary alloy phase diagram suggest that the resulted NPs are bimetallic,composed of CoPt and amorphous Co.Among the prepared materials,the solid with the specific composition of SiO_2@Pt_(0.1)Co_(0.9)was proved to be effective catalyst for ammonia borane(AB)hydrolysis in aqueous solution.The turnover frequency(TOF)value of the supported nanocatalyst was 25.59mol_(H_2)min~(-1)·mol_M~(-1),almost twice as that of unsupported Pt_(0.1)Co_(0.9)NPs while the activation energy was 37.05 kJ mol~(-1).Furthermore,the SiO_2@Pt_(0.1)Co_(0.9)composite manifested high catalytic activity even after five cycles of reuse.     

Effects of Cr and Mo elements on the microstructures and compressive properties of the in situ (TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/Ni cermets

In-situ(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/Ni cermets with 70 wt%TiC_xN_y–TiB_2 were successfully fabricated by combustion synthesis and hot pressing sintering in Ni-Ti-B_4C-BN powder systems.The microstructures,density,compressive properties,and hardness of the TiC_xN_y–TiB_2/Ni cermets with the addition of 0–8 wt%Cr/Mo to the Ni-Ti-B_4C-BN powder systems were compared and analysed.The results showed that the ceramic particles distributed uniformly in the cermets,and the size of the ceramic particles reduced with the Cr/Mo addition.Both Cr and Mo addition can improve the hardness,compressive properties,and fracture strains of the cermets.The hardness,compressive strength,and fracture strain of the(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/(Ni+Cr)cermets increased from 1561 HV,2.94 GPa,and 2.9%to 1864 HV,3.65 GPa,and 3.4%,respectively when the Cr content increased to 5 wt%.The hardness and compressive strength of the(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/(Ni+Mo)cermets increased from 1561 HV and 2.94 GPa to 1902 HV and 3.43 GPa,respectively when the Mo content increased to 8 wt%.The cermets with Cr had better compressive properties than the cermets with Mo.     

高等职业教育产教融合政策工具 分类及优化路径--基于2010—2019年国家政策文本的量化分析

产教融合是现代职业教育体系构建的重要内容,政府应采取有效的政策工具加以推进。基于政策工具分类视角,将我国国家层面颁布的高等职业教育产教融合政策划分为供给面、需求面和环境面3类政策工具。通过对2010—2019年69份313条政策文本的量化分析,可视化展示3类政策工具占比情况。结果显示:供给面政策工具占据主导地位,需求面政策工具功能彰显,环境面政策工具作用稳定,但也存在供给面政策工具投入长、压力大,需求面政策工具引导多、示范少,环境面政策工具执行力不足、落地难等问题。“十四五”时期,需要以精准改革为核心完善供给面政策工具,借助其示范性引领作用促进产教双方深度融合,打破组织性壁垒,加大环境面政策执行力度。